Organizational Behavior Arab World Edition 1st Edition Robbins Test Bank

1. 1 Introduction
2. 1 What Is Organizational Behavior?
3. The Importance of Interpersonal Skills
4. What Managers Do
5. Management Functions
6. Management Roles
7. Management Skills
8. Effective Versus Successful Managerial Activities
9. A Review of the Manager’s Job
10. This Is Organizational Behavior
11. Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study
12. Disciplines That Contribute to OB
13. Psychology
14. Social Psychology
15. Sociology
16. Anthropology
17. There Are Few Absolutes in OB
18. Challenges and Opportunities for OB
19. The Significance of Globalization
20. Managing Workforce Diversity
21. Improving Quality and Productivity
22. Improving Customer Service
23. Improving People Skills
24. Stimulating Innovation and Change
25. Helping Employees Balance Work–Life Conflicts
26. Creating a Positive Work Environment
27. Improving Ethical Behavior
28. Developing an OB Model
29. An Overview
30. The Dependent Variables
31. The Independent Variables
32. Toward a Contingency OB Model
33. Global Implications
34. Summary and Implications for Managers
35. Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior?
36. OB in the News Other Disciplines Make Use of OB Concepts
37. International OB Organizational Citizenship at Byblos Bank
38. Point/Counterpoint In Search of the Quick Fix
39. Questions for Review
40. Discussion Exercise A Day in the Life of Hussam
41. Ethical Considerations
42. Critical Analysis Equal Opportunity at Crepaway
43. Research Exercise
44. 2 The Individual
45. 2 Foundations of Individual Behavior: Personality and Values
46. Ability
47. Intellectual Abilities
48. Physical Abilities
49. Biographical Characteristics
50. Age
51. Gender
52. Race
53. Tenure
54. Learning
55. A Definition of Learning
56. Theories of Learning
57. Shaping: A Managerial Tool
58. Personality
59. What Is Personality?
60. Measuring Personality
61. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
62. The Big Five Personality Model
63. Other Personality Traits Relevant to OB
64. Values
65. The Importance of Values
66. The Relationship Between an Individual’s Personality and the Workplace
67. Person–Job Fit
68. Person–Organization Fit
69. Linking Cultures and Behavior
70. Hofstede’s Framework for Assessing Cultures
71. The GLOBE Framework for Assessing Cultures
72. Global Implications
73. Intellectual Abilities
74. Biographical Characteristics
75. Learning
76. Personality
77. Values
78. Summary and Implications for Managers
79. Self-Assessment Library What’s My Attitude Toward Achievement?
80. International OB Cultural Intelligence Is Necessary
81. OB in the News Whatever Men Can Do, Women Can Also Do
82. Self-Assessment Library How Good Am I at Disciplining Others?
83. Point/Counterpoint All Human Behavior is Learned
84. Questions for Review
85. Discussion Exercise
86. Ethical Considerations
87. Critical Analysis Qatar: A Country with a Vision
88. Research Exercise
89. 3 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction
90. Attitudes
91. What Are the Main Components of Attitudes?
92. Is There a Relationship Between Behavior and Attitudes?
93. What Are the Major Job Attitudes?
94. Job Satisfaction
95. Measuring Job Satisfaction
96. How Satisfied Are People in Their Jobs?
97. What Causes Job Satisfaction?
98. The Impact of Satisfied and Dissatisfied Employees on the Workplace
99. Global Implications
100. Is Job Satisfaction Specific to Cultures?
101. Are Employees in Western Cultures More Satisfied with Their Jobs Than Those in the East?
102. Summary and Implications for Managers
103. Self-Assessment Library How Satisfied Am I With My Job?
104. International OB Organizational Commitment at Aramex
105. Self-Assessment Library Am I Engaged?
106. OB in the News Job Satisfaction: Does It Differ Across Cultures?
107. Point/Counterpoint Managers Can Create Satisfied Employees
108. Questions for Review
109. Discussion Exercise
110. Ethical Considerations
111. Critical Analysis Job Satisfaction in the UAE
112. Research Exercise
113. 4 Perception and Individual Decision Making
114. What Is Perception?
115. Factors That Influence Perception
116. Person Perception: Making Judgments About Others
117. Attribution Theory
118. Frequently Used Shortcuts in Judging Others
119. Specific Applications of Shortcuts in Organizations
120. The Link Between Perception and Individual Decision Making
121. Decision Making in Organizations
122. The Rational Model, Bounded Rationality, and Intuition
123. Common Biases and Errors in Decision Making
124. Influences on Decision Making: Individual Differences and Organizational Constraints
125. Individual Differences
126. Organizational Constraints
127. What About Ethics in Decision Making?
128. Three Ethical Decision Criteria
129. Improving Creativity in Decision Making
130. Global Implications
131. Summary and Implications for Managers
132. Self-Assessment Library What’s My Attitude Toward Older People?
133. International OB How Culture Influences Decision Making
134. Self-Assessment Library Am I a Deliberate Decision Maker?
135. OB in the News inJAz Bahrain’s Business Ethics Program
136. Self-Assessment Library How Creative Am I?
137. Point/Counterpoint When In Doubt, Do!
138. Questions for Review
139. Discussion Exercise
140. Ethical Considerations
141. Critical Analysis Decision Making Processes at Steel Inc
142. Research Exercise
143. 5 Motivation: Concepts and Applications
144. Defining Motivation
145. Early Theories of Motivation
146. Hierarchy of Needs Theory
147. Theory X and Theory Y
148. Two-Factor Theory
149. McClelland’s Theory of Needs
150. Contemporary Theories of Motivation
151. Cognitive Evaluation Theory
152. Goal-Setting Theory
153. Self-Efficacy Theory
154. Reinforcement Theory
155. Equity Theory
156. Expectancy Theory
157. Motivating by Job Design: The Job Characteristics Model
158. The Job Characteristics Model
159. How Can Jobs Be Redesigned?
160. Alternative Work Arrangements
161. Employee Involvement
162. Examples of Employee Involvement Programs
163. Linking Employee Involvement Programs and Motivation Theories
164. Using Rewards to Motivate Employees
165. What to Pay: Establishing a Pay Structure
166. How to Pay: Rewarding Individual Employees through Variable-Pay Programs
167. Flexible Benefits: Developing a Benefits Package
168. Intrinsic Rewards: Employee Recognition Programs
169. Global Implications
170. Summary and Implications for Managers
171. Self-Assessment Library How Confident Am I in My Abilities to Succeed?
172. International OB Motivation and Culture: What’s the Relationship?
173. Self-Assessment Library What Are My Course Performance Goals?
174. OB in the News What Motivates Employees?
175. Self-Assessment Library What’s My Job’s Motivating Potential?
176. Point/Counterpoint Praise Motivates
177. Questions for Review
178. Discussion Exercise
179. Ethical Considerations
180. Critical Analysis Reducing Travel Costs at Applebee’s
181. Research Exercise
182. 6 Emotions and Moods
183. What Are Emotions and Moods?
184. The Basic Emotions
185. The Basic Moods: Positive and Negative Affect
186. The Function of Emotions
187. Sources of Emotions and Moods
188. Emotional Labor
189. Affective Events Theory
190. Emotional Intelligence
191. The Case for EI
192. The Case Against EI
193. OB Applications of Emotions and Moods
194. Selection
195. Decision Making
196. Creativity
197. Motivation
198. Leadership
199. Negotiation
200. Customer Service
201. Job Attitudes
202. Deviant Workplace Behaviors
203. How Managers Can Influence Moods
204. Global Implications
205. Does the Degree to Which People Experience Emotions Vary Across Cultures?
206. Do Peoples’ Interpretations of Emotions Vary Across Cultures?
207. Do the Norms for the Expression of Emotions Differ Across Cultures?
208. Summary and Implications for Managers
209. Self-Assessment Library How Are You Feeling Right Now?
210. Self-Assessment Library What’s My Affect Intensity?
211. International OB Emotional Recognition: Universal or Culture Specific?
212. Self-Assessment Library What’s My Emotional Intelligence Score?
213. OB in the News Crying at Work Gains Acceptance
214. Point/Counterpoint The Costs and Benefits of Organizational Display Rules
215. Questions for Review
216. Discussion Exercise
217. Ethical Considerations
218. Critical Analysis Happiness: Just an Emotion!
219. Research Exercise
220. 3 The Group
221. 7 Foundations of Group Behavior
222. Defining and Classifying Groups
223. Stages of Group Development
224. The Five-Stage Model
225. An Alternative Model for Temporary Groups with Deadlines
226. Group Properties: Roles, Norms, Status, Size, and Cohesiveness
227. Group Property 1: Roles
228. Group Properties 2 and 3: Norms and Status
229. Group Property 4: Size
230. Group Property 5: Cohesiveness
231. Group Decision Making
232. Groups versus the Individual
233. Groupthink and Groupshift
234. Group Decision Making Techniques
235. Global Implications
236. Summary and Implications for Managers
237. Self-Assessment Library What’s My Attitude Toward Working in Groups?
238. Self-Assessment Library Do I Trust Others?
239. International OB Group Cohesiveness Across Cultures
240. OB in the News Groupthink for an Enron Jury?
241. Point/Counterpoint Are Groups the Best Design?
242. Questions for Review
243. Discussion Exercise
244. Ethical Considerations
245. Critical Analysis If Two Heads Are Better than One, Are Four Even Better?
246. Research Exercise
247. 8 Understanding Work Teams
248. Why Have Teams Become So Popular?
249. Differences between Groups and Teams
250. Types of Teams
251. Problem-Solving Teams
252. Self-Managed Work Teams
253. Cross-Functional Teams
254. Virtual Teams
255. Creating Effective Teams
256. Context: What Factors Determine whether Teams Are Successful
257. Team Composition
258. Work Design
259. Team Processes
260. Turning Individuals into Team Players
261. Beware! Teams Aren’t Always the Answer
262. Global Implications
263. Summary and Implications for Managers
264. Self-Assessment Library How Good Am I at Building and Leading a Team?
265. International OB Global Virtual Teams
266. OB in the News Surgical Teams Lack Teamwork
267. Self-Assessment Library What Is My Team Efficacy?
268. Point/Counterpoint Sports Teams Are Good Models for Workplace Teams
269. Questions for Review
270. Discussion Exercise
271. Ethical Considerations
272. Critical Analysis Team Effectiveness in Egypt
273. Research Exercise
274. 9 Communication
275. Functions of Communication
276. The Communication Process
277. Direction of Communication
278. Downward Communication
279. Upward Communication
280. Lateral Communication
281. Interpersonal Communication
282. Oral Communication
283. Written Communication
284. Nonverbal Communication
285. Organizational Communication
286. Formal Small-Group Networks
287. The Grapevine
288. Electronic Communications
289. Knowledge Management
290. Choice of Communication Channel
291. Barriers to Effective Communication
292. Filtering
293. Selective Perception
294. Information Overload
295. Emotions
296. Language
297. Communication Apprehension
298. Gender Differences
299. ‘Politically Correct’ Communication
300. Global Implications
301. Cultural Barriers
302. Cultural Context
303. A Cultural Guide
304. Summary and Implications for Managers
305. Self-Assessment Library What’s My Face-to-Face Communication Style?
306. International OB Cultural Differences in Oral Communication
307. OB in the News Communication in the Arab World
308. International OB Lost in Translation?
309. Self-Assessment Library How Good Are My Listening Skills?
310. Point/Counterpoint Keep It a Secret
311. Questions for Review
312. Discussion Exercise
313. Ethical Considerations
314. Critical Analysis The Limitations of Electronic Communication
315. Research Exercise
316. 10 Leadership
317. What Is Leadership?
318. Trait Theories
319. Behavioral Theories
320. Ohio State Studies
321. University of Michigan Studies
322. Summary of Trait Theories and Behavioral Theories
323. Contingency Theories: Fiedler Model and Situational Leadership Theory
324. Fiedler Model
325. Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational Theory
326. Path-Goal Theory
327. Path-Goal Variables and Predictions
328. Summary of Contingency Theories
329. Leader–Member Exchange (LMX) Theory
330. Decision Theory: Vroom and Yetton’s Leader-Participation Model
331. Inspirational Approaches to Leadership
332. Charismatic Leadership
333. Transformational Leadership
334. Authentic Leadership: Ethics and Trust Are the Foundation of Leadership
335. What Is Authentic Leadership?
336. Ethics in Leadership and Corporate Social Responsibility
337. What Is Trust?
338. Trust and Leadership
339. Three Types of Trust
340. Basic Principles of Trust
341. Contemporary Leadership Roles
342. Mentoring
343. Self-Leadership
344. Online Leadership
345. Challenges to the Leadership Construct
346. Leadership as an Attribution
347. Substitutes for and Neutralizers of Leadership
348. Finding and Creating Effective Leaders
349. Selecting Leaders
350. Training Leaders
351. Global Implications
352. Summary and Implications for Managers
353. Self-Assessment Library What’s My Leadership Style?
354. OB in the News Riding the Waves Requires Leadership Skill!
355. Self-Assessment Library What Is My LPC Score?
356. Self-Assessment Library How Charismatic Am I?
357. Self-Assessment Library Am I an Ethical Leader?
358. International OB Cultural Variation in Charismatic Attributions
359. Point/Counterpoint Leaders Are Born, Not Made
360. Questions for Review
361. Discussion Exercise
362. Ethical Considerations
363. Critical Analysis Cultural Variation in Charismatic Attributions
364. Research Exercise
365. 11 Power and Politics
366. A Definition of Power
367. Contrasting Leadership and Power
368. Bases of Power
369. Formal Power
370. Personal Power
371. Which Bases of Power Are Most Effective?
372. Dependency: The Key to Power
373. What Creates Dependency?
374. Power Tactics
375. Sexual Harassment: Unequal Power in the Workplace
376. Politics: Power in Action
377. Definition of Organizational Politics
378. The Reality of Politics
379. Causes and Consequences of Political Behavior
380. Factors Contributing to Political Behavior
381. How Do People Respond to Organizational Politics?
382. Impression Management
383. The Ethics of Behaving Politically
384. Global Implications
385. Politics Perceptions
386. Preference for Power Tactics
387. Effectiveness of Power Tactics
388. Summary and Implications for Managers
389. Self-Assessment Library Is My Workplace Political?
390. International OB Influence Tactics in China
391. Self-Assessment Library How Good Am I at Playing Politics?
392. OB in the News Excuses Are Everywhere
393. Point/Counterpoint Managing Impressions Is Unethical
394. Questions for Review
395. Discussion Exercise
396. Ethical Considerations
397. Critical Analysis The Politics of Backstabbing
398. Research Exercise
399. 12 Conflict and Negotiation
400. A Definition of Conflict
401. Transitions in Conflict Thought
402. The Traditional View of Conflict
403. The Human Relations View of Conflict
404. The Interactionist View of Conflict
405. The Conflict Process
406. Stage I: Potential Opposition or Incompatibility
407. Stage II: Cognition and Personalization
408. Stage III: Intentions
409. Stage IV: Behavior
410. Stage V: Outcomes
411. Negotiation
412. Bargaining Strategies
413. The Negotiation Process
414. Individual Differences in Negotiation Effectiveness
415. Third-Party Negotiations
416. Global Implications
417. Conflict and Culture
418. Cultural Differences in Negotiations
419. Summary and Implications for Managers
420. Self-Assessment Library What’s My Preferred Conflict-Handling Style?
421. Self-Assessment Library What’s My Negotiating Style?
422. International OB Negotiating Across Cultures
423. OB in the News ‘Marriage Counseling’ for the Top Bosses
424. Point/Counterpoint Conflict Benefits Organizations
425. Questions for Review
426. Discussion Exercise
427. Ethical Considerations
428. Critical Analysis Etisalat-Zain Deal Blocked
429. Research Exercise
430. 4 The Organization System
431. 13 Foundations of Organizational Structure
432. What Is Organizational Structure?
433. Work Specialization
434. Departmentalization
435. Chain of Command
436. Span of Control
437. Centralization and Decentralization
438. Formalization
439. Common Organizational Designs
440. The Simple Structure
441. The Bureaucracy
442. The Matrix Structure
443. New Design Options
444. The Virtual Organization
445. The Boundaryless Organization
446. Why Do Structures Differ?
447. Strategy
448. Organization Size
449. Technology
450. Environment
451. Organizational Designs and Employee Behavior
452. Global Implications
453. Summary and Implications for Managers
454. Self-Assessment Library Do I Like Bureaucracy?
455. Self-Assessment Library How Willing Am I to Delegate?
456. OB in the News Siemens Simple Structure—Not
457. International OB Structural Considerations in Multinationals
458. Point/Counterpoint Downsizing Improves Organizational Performance
459. Questions for Review
460. Discussion Exercise
461. Ethical Considerations
462. Critical Analysis Organizational Structure at Food & Co
463. Research Exercise
464. 14 Organizational Culture
465. Institutionalization: A Forerunner of Culture
466. What Is Organizational Culture?
467. A Definition of Organizational Culture
468. Culture Is a Descriptive Term
469. Do Organizations Have Uniform Cultures?
470. Strong versus Weak Cultures
471. Culture versus Formalization
472. What Do Cultures Do?
473. Culture’s Functions
474. Culture as a Liability
475. Creating and Sustaining Culture
476. How a Culture Begins
477. Keeping a Culture Alive
478. Summary: How Cultures Form
479. How Employees Learn Culture
480. Stories
481. Rituals
482. Material Symbols
483. Language
484. Creating an Ethical Organizational Culture
485. Creating a Positive Organizational Culture
486. Spirituality and Organizational Culture
487. What Is Spirituality?
488. Why Spirituality Now?
489. Characteristics of a Spiritual Organization
490. Criticisms of Spirituality
491. Global Implications
492. Summary and Implications for Managers
493. Self-Assessment Library What’s the Right Organizational Culture for Me?
494. International OB Managing Across Organizational Boundaries
495. OB in the News Change Jobs, and You May Be in for a Culture Shock
496. Self-Assessment Library How Spiritual Am I?
497. Point/Counterpoint Organizational Cultures Can’t Be Changed
498. Questions for Review
499. Discussion Exercise
500. Ethical Considerations
501. Critical Analysis Ghosn Turns Nissan Around
502. Research Exercise
503. 15 Human Resource Policies and Practices in the Arab World
504. Human Resource Management Societies
505. The Recruitment Process
506. Selection Practices
507. How the Selection Process Works
508. Initial Selection
509. Substantive Selection
510. Contingent Selection
511. Training and Development Programs
512. Types of Training
513. Training Methods
514. Individualizing Formal Training to Fit the Employee’s Learning Style
515. Evaluating Effectiveness of Training Programs
516. Performance Evaluation
517. Purposes of Performance Evaluation
518. What Do We Evaluate?
519. Who Should Do the Evaluating?
520. Methods of Performance Evaluation
521. Providing Performance Feedback
522. Suggestions for Improving Performance Evaluations
523. Managing Diversity in Organizations
524. Work–Life Conflicts
525. Diversity Training
526. Global Implications
527. Selection
528. Performance Evaluation
529. Summary and Implications for Managers
530. Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About HRM?
531. International OB Cultural Training
532. OB in the News Awareness of Human Capital From Within: ‘Project Emiratization’
533. Self-Assessment Library How Good Am I at Giving Performance Feedback?
534. Point/Counterpoint Telecommuting Makes Good Business Sense
535. Questions for Review
536. Discussion Exercise
537. Ethical Considerations
538. Critical Analysis So7i Wa Sari3
539. Research Exercise
540. 5 Organization Dynamics
541. 16 Organizational Change and Stress Management
542. Forces for Change
543. Planned Change
544. Resistance to change
545. Overcoming Resistance to Change
546. The Politics of Change
547. Approaches to Managing Organizational Change
548. Lewin’s Three-Step Model
549. Kotter’s Eight-Step Plan for Implementing Change
550. Action Research
551. Organizational Development
552. Creating a Culture for Change
553. Stimulating a Culture of Innovation
554. Creating a Learning Organization
555. Work Stress and Its Management
556. What Is Stress?
557. Potential Sources of Stress
558. Individual Differences
559. Emotional Intelligence and Stress
560. Consequences of Stress
561. Managing Stress
562. Global Implications
563. Summary and Implications for Managers
564. Self-Assessment Library How Well Do I Respond to Turbulent Change?
565. Self-Assessment Library How Stressful Is My Life?
566. OB in the News The Ten Most Stressful Jobs—and One More That Didn’t Make the List
567. International OB Coping with Stress: Cultural Differences
568. Point/Counterpoint Managing Change is an Episodic Activity
569. Questions for Review
570. Discussion Exercise
571. Ethical Considerations
572. Critical Analysis Embracing Change Through Operational Leadership
573. Research Exercise
574. 17 Organizational Behavior in the Family Business
575. What Is a Family Business?
576. Definitions of the Family Business
577. Statistics about the Family Business
578. Planning the Family Business
579. Organizational Structure of the Family Business
580. The Characteristics of the Family Business
581. Organizational Behavior in the Family Business
582. Family Businesses Are Dominant in the Arab World
583. The Family Business in the Arab World
584. Advantages of the Family Business
585. Disadvantages of the Family Business
586. The Succession Plan
587. How and When Should the Business Be Transferred?
588. Family Business Continuity
589. The Future of the Family Business
590. Global Implications
591. Summary and Implications for Managers
592. Self-Assessment Library Am I Experiencing Work/Family Conflict?
593. OB in the News The Family Business: The Foundation of Arab World Success
594. International OB Globalization: The Direction of Arab Family Businesses
595. Point/Counterpoint Is Structure Needed?
596. Questions for Review
597. Discussion Exercise
598. Ethical Considerations
599. Critical Analysis From London to Lebanon
600. Research Exercise
601. 6 Specifics in OB
602. 18 Intercultural Management: The Significance to Organizational Behavior
603. What Is Intercultural Management?
604. Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions
605. Hofstede’s Dimensions and the Arab World
606. Managing Diversity
607. What Do Intercultural Managers Do?
608. Intercultural Managers’ Competencies
609. Cultural Awareness Framework
610. The Intercultural Manager as a Problem Solver
611. The Intercultural Manager as a Negotiator
612. The Significance of Communication for the Intercultural Manager
613. High versus Low Culture Contexts
614. How to Enhance Communication
615. The Intercultural Manager as Global Manager
616. Corporate Culture
617. Foreign Labour
618. Domains of International Business Practice
619. Cross-Cultural Training
620. Global Implications
621. Summary and Implications for Managers
622. Self-Assessment Library Am I Well-Suited for a Career as a Global Manager?
623. OB in the News Yahoo! Talks Arabic; Maktoob Talks English!
624. International OB Intercultural Action at Hillcrest!
625. Point/Counterpoint “When in Rome, Do as the Romans Do”
626. Questions for Review
627. Discussion Exercise
628. Ethical Considerations
629. Critical Analysis What’s Trust Got to Do with It?
630. Research Exercise
631. 19 Female Entrepreneurs in the Arab World
632. The Need for Women in the Workplace
633. Characteristics of Entrepreneurs
634. Growth of Women-Owned Businesses in the Arab World
635. The Role of Women in Business
636. The Female Entrepreneur in the Arab World
637. Motivation
638. Successful Female Entrepreneurs
639. The Barriers for Women in the Arab World
640. Low Income
641. Glass Ceiling
642. Gender Discrimination
643. Time Shifts
644. Nepotism
645. Other Challenges
646. How Do Males React to Successful Females?
647. Stereotypes Can Be Broken: Time for Change
648. Global Implications
649. Summary and Implications for Managers
650. Self-Assessment Library What Are My Gender Role Perceptions?
651. International OB The World Supports the Middle Eastern Woman
652. OB in the News Female Leaders in Business
653. Point/Counterpoint Females Can Find a Balance
654. Questions for Review
655. Discussion Exercise
656. Ethical Considerations
657. Critical Analysis No Matter What, the Boardroom Is Still Off Limits to Females!
658. Research Exercise
659. Appendix A: Research in Organizational Behavior
660. Comprehensive Cases
661. Case 1 Being Lean, Not Mean
662. Case 2 She Loves a Challenge!
663. Case 3 A New Way to Change
664. Case 4 What a Strange Man!
665. Case 5 A Question of Motivation
666. Case 6 The Big Promotion
667. Credits
668. Endnotes
669. Glossary

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