Criminal Justice A Brief Introduction 12th Edition Schmalleger Test Bank

Criminal Justice A Brief Introduction 12th Edition Schmalleger Test Bank

Product details: 

• ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 9780134548623
• ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0134548623
• Author: Frank Schmalleger

The gold standard for criminal justice texts
Criminal Justice: A Brief Introduction, Twelfth Edition, offers a contemporary, authoritative look at crime in America with a focus on police, courts, and corrections. To make information resonate with students, Schmalleger asks readers to consider the balance between freedom and security issues and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the American justice system as it adapts to cultural, political, and societal changes. A wealth of Internet resources along with author tweets (@schmalleger) extends chapter material and provides up-to-the minute information on this ever-evolving field. Its unifying theme, unmatched timeliness, and coverage of trends and technology make this text the standard by which all other brief texts are judged.

Criminal Justice, Twelfth Edition is also available via Revel™, an interactive learning environment that enables students to read, practice, and study in one continuous experience.

Table contents: 

1. Preface
2. New to the Twelfth Edition
3. Instructor Supplements
4. REVEL for Criminal Justice: A Brief Introduction, 12e by Schmalleger
5. About the Author
6. Part 1 Crime in America
7. Chapter 1 What is Criminal Justice?
8. Learning Objectives
9. Introduction
10. A Brief History of Crime in America
11. The Theme of This Book
12. Criminal Justice and Basic Fairness
13. American Criminal Justice: System and Functions
14. The Consensus Model
15. The Conflict Model
16. American Criminal Justice: The Process
17. Due Process and Individual Rights
18. The Role of the Courts in Defining Rights
19. The Ultimate Goal: Crime Control through Due Process
20. Evidence-Based Practice in Criminal Justice
21. The Start of Academic Criminal Justice
22. Multiculturalism and Diversity in Criminal Justice
23. Summary
24. What is Criminal Justice?
25. Questions for Review
26. Chapter 2 The Crime Picture
27. Learning Objectives
28. Introduction
29. Crime Data and Social Policy
30. The Collection of Crime Data
31. The UCR/NIBRS Program
32. Development of the UCR Program
33. The National Incident-Based Reporting System
34. Historical Trends
35. UCR/NIBRS in Transition
36. Part I Offenses
37. Murder
38. Rape
39. Robbery
40. Aggravated Assault
41. Burglary
42. Larceny-Theft
43. Identity Theft: A New Kind of Larceny
44. Motor Vehicle Theft
45. Arson
46. Part II Offenses
47. The National Crime Victimization Survey
48. Comparisons of the UCR and the NCVS
49. Special Categories of Crime
50. Crime against Women
51. The Violence against Women Act (VAWA)
52. Crime against the Elderly
53. Hate Crime
54. Corporate and White-Collar Crime
55. Organized Crime
56. Gun Crime
57. Drug Crime
58. Cybercrime
59. Terrorism
60. Types of Terrorism
61. Organization and Scope of Terrorist Groups
62. Crime in International Context
63. Summary
64. The Crime Picture
65. Questions for Review
66. Chapter 3 Criminal Law
67. Learning Objectives
68. Introduction
69. The Nature and Purpose of Law
70. The Rule of Law
71. Types of Law
72. Criminal Law
73. Statutory Law
74. Civil Law
75. Administrative Law
76. Case Law
77. General Categories of Crime
78. Felonies
79. Misdemeanors
80. Infractions
81. Treason
82. Espionage
83. Inchoate Offenses
84. General Features of Crime
85. The Criminal Act (Actus Reus)
86. A Guilty Mind (Mens Rea)
87. Reckless Behavior and Criminal Negligence
88. Strict Liability
89. Concurrence
90. Other Features of Crime
91. Causation
92. Harm
93. Legality
94. Punishment
95. Necessary Attendant Circumstances
96. Elements of a Specific Criminal Offense
97. The Example of Murder
98. The Corpus Delicti of a Crime
99. Types of Defenses to a Criminal Charge
100. Alibi
101. Justifications
102. Self-Defense
103. Defense of Others
104. Defense of Home and Property
105. Necessity
106. Consent
107. Resisting Unlawful Arrest
108. Excuses
109. Duress
110. Age
111. Mistake
112. Involuntary Intoxication
113. Unconsciousness
114. Provocation
115. Insanity
116. The M’Naghten Rule
117. Irresistible Impulse
118. The Durham Rule
119. The Substantial-Capacity Test
120. The Brawner Rule
121. The Insanity Defense and Social Reaction
122. The Guilty But Mentally Ill Verdict
123. Temporary Insanity
124. The Insanity Defense under Federal Law
125. The Consequences of an Insanity Ruling
126. Diminished Capacity
127. Mental Incompetence
128. Procedural Defenses
129. Entrapment
130. Double Jeopardy
131. Collateral Estoppel
132. Selective Prosecution
133. Denial of a Speedy Trial
134. Prosecutorial Misconduct
135. Police Fraud
136. Summary
137. Criminal Law
138. Questions for Review
139. Part 2 Policing
140. Chapter 4 Policing: Purpose and Organization
141. Learning Objectives
142. Introduction
143. The Police Mission
144. Enforcing the Law
145. Apprehending Offenders
146. Preventing Crime
147. Techniques and Programs
148. Predicting Crime
149. Preserving the Peace
150. Providing Services
151. American Policing Today: From the Federal to the Local Level
152. Federal Agencies
153. The FBI
154. The FBI and Counterterrorism
155. State Agencies
156. Local Agencies
157. Fusion Centers
158. Private Protective Services
159. International Police Agencies
160. Interpol
161. Europol
162. Police Administration
163. Police Organization and Structure
164. Chain of Command
165. Policing Epochs and Styles
166. Policing Epochs
167. The Watchman Style of Policing
168. The Legalistic Style of Policing
169. The Service Style of Policing
170. Police–Community Relations
171. Team Policing
172. Community Policing
173. Community Policing and Antiterrorism
174. Critique of Community Policing
175. Evidence-Based Policing
176. The Kansas City Experiment
177. History
178. Effects
179. Evidence-Based Policing Today
180. Discretion and the Individual Officer
181. Summary
182. Policing: Purpose and Organization
183. Questions for Review
184. Chapter 5 Policing: Legal Aspects
185. Learning Objectives
186. Introduction
187. The Abuse of Police Power
188. A Changing Legal Climate
189. Individual Rights
190. Checks and Balances
191. Due-Process Requirements
192. Search and Seizure
193. The Exclusionary Rule
194. Problems with Precedent
195. The Fruit of the Poisonous Tree Doctrine
196. Searches Incident to Arrest
197. Judicial Philosophy and the U.S. Supreme Court
198. The Warren Court (1953–1969)
199. The Burger Court (1969–1986)
200. The Rehnquist Court (1986–2005)
201. The Roberts Court (2005–Today)
202. Good-Faith Exceptions to the Exclusionary Rule
203. The Plain-View Doctrine
204. Emergency Searches of Property and Emergency Entry
205. Anticipatory Warrants
206. Detention and Arrest
207. Searches Incident to Arrest
208. Emergency Searches of Persons
209. Vehicle Searches
210. Roadblocks and Motor Vehicle Checkpoints
211. Watercraft and Motor Homes
212. Suspicionless Searches
213. High-Technology Searches
214. The Intelligence Function
215. Informants
216. Police Interrogation
217. Physical Abuse
218. Inherent Coercion
219. Psychological Manipulation
220. The Right to a Lawyer at Interrogation
221. Suspect Rights: The Miranda Decision
222. Waiver of Miranda Rights by Suspects
223. Inevitable-Discovery Exception to Miranda
224. Public-Safety Exception to Miranda
225. Miranda and the Meaning of Interrogation
226. Gathering of Special Kinds of Nontestimonial Evidence
227. The Right to Privacy
228. Body-Cavity Searches
229. Electronic Eavesdropping
230. Minimization Requirement for Electronic Surveillance
231. The Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986
232. The Telecommunications Act of 1996
233. The USA PATRIOT Act of 2001
234. Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act (CISA)
235. Electronic and Latent Evidence
236. Summary
237. Policing: Legal Aspects
238. Questions for Review
239. Chapter 6 Policing: Issues and Challenges
240. Learning Objectives
241. Introduction
242. Police Personality and Culture
243. Corruption and Integrity
244. Money—The Root of Police Evil?
245. Building Police Integrity
246. Drug Testing of Police Employees
247. The Dangers of Police Work
248. Violence in the Line of Duty
249. Risk of Disease and Infected Evidence
250. Stress and Fatigue among Police Officers
251. Stress Reduction
252. Officer Fatigue
253. Terrorism’s Impact on Policing
254. The FBI’s Joint Terrorism Task Forces
255. Intelligence-Led Policing and Antiterrorism
256. Information Sharing and Antiterrorism
257. The National Criminal Intelligence Sharing Plan
258. Police Civil Liability
259. Common Sources of Civil Suits
260. Federal Lawsuits
261. Racial Profiling and Biased Policing
262. Racial Profiling
263. Racially Biased Policing
264. Police Use of Force
265. Deadly Force
266. Less-Lethal Weapons
267. Professionalism and Ethics
268. Education and Training
269. Recruitment and Selection
270. Ethnic and Gender Diversity in Policing
271. Women as Effective Police Officers
272. Summary
273. Policing: Issues and Challenges
274. Questions for Review
275. Part 3 Adjudication
276. Chapter 7 The Courts
277. Learning Objectives
278. Introduction
279. History and Structure of the American Court System
280. The State Court System
281. The Development of State Courts
282. State Court Systems Today
283. State Trial Courts
284. State Appellate Courts
285. State Court Administration
286. Dispute-Resolution Centers and Specialized Courts
287. The Federal Court System
288. U.S. District Courts
289. U.S. Courts of Appeal
290. The U.S. Supreme Court
291. The Supreme Court Today
292. Pretrial Activities
293. The First Appearance
294. Pretrial Release
295. Bail
296. Alternatives to Bail
297. Release on Recognizance (ROR)
298. Property Bonds
299. Deposit Bail
300. Conditional Release
301. Third-Party Custody
302. Unsecured Bonds
303. Signature Bonds
304. Pretrial Release and Public Safety
305. The Grand Jury
306. The Preliminary Hearing
307. Arraignment and the Plea
308. Plea Bargaining
309. Summary
310. The Courts
311. Questions for Review
312. Chapter 8 The Courtroom Work Group and the Criminal Trial
313. Learning Objectives
314. Introduction
315. The Courtroom Work Group: Professional Courtroom Actors
316. The Judge
317. The Role of the Judge
318. Judicial Selection
319. Judicial Qualifications
320. The Prosecuting Attorney
321. Prosecutorial Discretion
322. The Abuse of Discretion
323. The Prosecutor’s Professional Responsibility
324. The Defense Counsel
325. Private Attorneys
326. Court-Appointed Counsel
327. Assigned Counsel
328. Public Defenders
329. Contractual Arrangements
330. Problems with Indigent Defense
331. The Ethics of Defense
332. The Bailiff
333. Trial Court Administrators
334. The Court Reporter
335. The Clerk of Court
336. Expert Witnesses
337. Outsiders: Nonprofessional Courtroom Participants
338. Lay Witnesses
339. Jurors
340. The Victim
341. The Defendant
342. Spectators and the Press
343. The Criminal Trial
344. Procedure
345. Nature and Purpose of the Criminal Trial
346. Stages in a Criminal Trial
347. Trial Initiation
348. Jury Selection
349. Challenges in Jury Selection
350. Jury Selection and Race
351. Opening Statements
352. Presentation of Evidence
353. Types of Evidence
354. Evaluation of Evidence
355. Testimony of Witnesses
356. Children as Witnesses
357. The Hearsay Rule
358. Closing Arguments
359. Judge’s Charge to the Jury
360. Jury Deliberations and the Verdict
361. Deliberations Process
362. Problems with the Jury System
363. Summary
364. The Courtroom Work Group and the Criminal Trial
365. Questions for Review
366. Chapter 9 Sentencing
367. Learning Objectives
368. Introduction
369. The Philosophy and Goals of Criminal Sentencing
370. Retribution
371. Incapacitation
372. Deterrence
373. Rehabilitation
374. Restoration
375. Indeterminate Sentencing
376. Explanation of Indeterminate Sentencing
377. Critiques of Indeterminate Sentencing
378. Structured Sentencing
379. Federal Sentencing Guidelines
380. Federal Guideline Provisions
381. Plea Bargaining under the Guidelines
382. The Legal Environment of Structured Sentencing
383. Three-Strikes Laws
384. Mandatory Sentencing
385. Sentencing and Today’s Prison Crisis
386. Innovations in Sentencing
387. Questions about Alternative Sanctions
388. The Presentence Investigation
389. The Victim—Forgotten No Longer
390. Victims’ Rights
391. Victim-Impact Statements
392. Modern Sentencing Options
393. Sentencing Rationales
394. Sentencing Practices
395. Fines
396. Death: The Ultimate Sanction
397. Habeas Corpus Review
398. Opposition to Capital Punishment
399. The Death Penalty and Innocent People
400. Death Penalty and Deterrence
401. Death Penalty and Discrimination
402. Justifications for Capital Punishment
403. The Courts and the Death Penalty
404. The Future of the Death Penalty
405. Summary
406. Sentencing
407. Questions for Review
408. Part 4 Corrections
409. Chapter 10 Probation, Parole, and Community Corrections
410. Learning Objectives
411. Introduction
412. What Is Probation?
413. The Extent of Probation
414. Probation Conditions
415. The Federal Probation System
416. What Is Parole?
417. The Extent of Parole
418. Parole Conditions
419. Federal Parole
420. Probation and Parole: The Pluses and Minuses
421. Advantages of Probation and Parole
422. Disadvantages of Probation and Parole
423. The Legal Environment
424. The Job of Probation and Parole Officers
425. Job Descriptions
426. The Challenges of the Job
427. Intermediate Sanctions
428. Split Sentencing
429. Shock Probation and Shock Parole
430. Shock Incarceration
431. Mixed Sentencing and Community Service
432. Intensive Probation Supervision
433. Home Confinement and Remote Location Monitoring
434. The Future of Probation and Parole
435. Changes in Reentry Policies
436. The Reinvention of Probation and Evidence-Based Practices
437. Summary
438. Probation, Parole, and Community Corrections
439. Questions for Review
440. Chapter 11 Prisons and Jails
441. Learning Objectives
442. Introduction
443. A Brief History of Prisons
444. Prisons Today
445. Prisoners Today
446. Overcrowding
447. Selective Incapacitation: A Contemporary Strategy to Reduce Prison Populations
448. Security Levels
449. Prison Classification Systems
450. The Federal Prison System
451. The Growth of Federal Prisons
452. Recent Improvements
453. Jails
454. Women and Jail
455. The Growth of Jails
456. New Generation Jails
457. Jails and the Future
458. Private Prisons
459. Summary
460. Prisons and Jails
461. Questions for Review
462. Chapter 12 Prison Life
463. Learning Objectives
464. Introduction
465. Research on Prison Life: Total Institutions
466. The Male Inmate’s World
467. The Evolution of Prison Subcultures
468. The Functions of Prison Subcultures
469. Prison Lifestyles and Inmate Types
470. Homosexuality and Sexual Victimization in Prison
471. The Female Inmate’s World
472. Sexual Victimization of Women Prisoners
473. Parents in Prison
474. Gender-Responsiveness
475. Institutions for Women
476. Social Structure in Women’s Prisons
477. Types of Female Inmates
478. Violence in Women’s Prisons
479. The Staff World
480. Facts and Figures
481. The Professionalization of Corrections Officers
482. Security Threat Groups and Prison Riots
483. Prisoners’ Rights
484. Issues Facing Prisons Today
485. HIV/AIDS
486. Geriatric Offenders
487. Inmates with Mental Illness and Intellectual Disabilities
488. Terrorism
489. Summary
490. Prison Life
491. Questions for Review
492. Part 5 The Juvenile Justice System
493. Chapter 13 Juvenile Justice
494. Learning Objectives
495. Introduction
496. Juvenile Justice Throughout History
497. Earliest Times
498. The Juvenile Court Era
499. Categories of Children in the Juvenile Justice System
500. The Legal Environment
501. Legislation Concerning Children and Justice
502. The Legal Rights of Juveniles
503. The Juvenile Justice Process Today
504. Adult and Juvenile Justice Compared
505. How the System Works
506. Intake and Detention Hearings
507. Detention Hearing
508. Preliminary Hearing
509. Transfer Hearing
510. Adjudication
511. Disposition
512. Secure Institutions for Juveniles
513. Characteristics of Juveniles in Confinement
514. Overcrowding in Juvenile Facilities
515. Postadjudicatory Review
516. Trends in Juvenile Justice
517. Summary
518. Juvenile Justice
519. Questions for Review
520. Appendix A
521. Appendix B
522. List of Acronyms
523. Glossary
524. Notes
525. Index

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