A Child’s World Infancy Through Adolescence 13th Edition Martorell Test Bank

1. Preface
2. Chapter 1 Studying a Child’s World
3. The Study of Child Development: Then and Now
4. Early Approaches
5. Developmental Psychology Becomes a Science
6. Studying the Life Span
7. New Frontiers
8. The Study of Child Development: Basic Concepts
9. Domains of Development
10. Periods of Development
11. Influences on Development
12. Heredity, Environment, and Maturation
13. Contexts of Development
14. 1.1 Around the World Children of Immigrant Families
15. Normative and Nonnormative Influences
16. 1.2 The Everyday World Studying the Life Course: Growing Up in Hard Times
17. Timing of Influences: Critical or Sensitive Periods
18. An Emerging Consensus
19. 1.3 The Research World Is There a Critical Period for Language Acquisition?
20. summary and key terms
21. Chapter 2 A Child’s World: How We Discover It
22. Basic Theoretical Issues
23. Issue 1: Is Development Active or Reactive?
24. Issue 2: Is Development Continuous or Discontinuous?
25. Theoretical Perspectives
26. Perspective 1: Psychoanalytic
27. Perspective 2: Learning
28. Perspective 3: Cognitive
29. Perspective 4: Contextual
30. Perspective 5: Evolutionary/Sociobiological
31. A Shifting Balance
32. 2.1 The Research World The Adaptive Value of Immaturity
33. Research Methods
34. Quantitative and Qualitative Research
35. Sampling
36. Forms of Data Collection
37. Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research
38. Basic Research Designs
39. 2.2 Around the World Purposes of Cross-Cultural Research
40. Developmental Research Designs
41. Collaborative Research
42. Ethics of Research
43. Right to Informed Consent
44. Avoidance of Deception
45. Right to Self-Esteem
46. Right to Privacy and Confidentiality
47. summary and key terms
48. Chapter 3 Forming a New Life: Conception, Heredity, and Environment
49. Conceiving a New Life
50. Changing Theories of Conception
51. How Fertilization Takes Place
52. Infertility
53. Causes of Infertility
54. Treatments for Infertility
55. Alternative Ways to Parenthood: Assisted Reproductive Technology
56. 3.1 The Everyday World Multiple Births
57. Mechanisms of Heredity
58. The Genetic Code
59. What Determines Sex?
60. Patterns of Genetic Transmission
61. Genetic and Chromosomal Abnormalities
62. Dominant or Recessive Inheritance of Defects
63. Sex-Linked Inheritance of Defects
64. Chromosomal Abnormalities
65. Genetic Counseling and Testing
66. Nature and Nurture: Influences of Heredity and Environment
67. 3.2 The Research World Genetic Testing
68. Studying the Relative Influences of Heredity and Environment
69. How Heredity and Environment Work Together
70. Some Characteristics Influenced by Heredity and Environment
71. Physical and Physiological Traits
72. Intelligence
73. Personality
74. Psychopathology
75. summary and key terms
76. Chapter 4 Pregnancy and Prenatal Development
77. Prenatal Development: Three Stages
78. The Germinal Stage (Fertilization to 2 Weeks)
79. The Embryonic Stage (2 to 8 Weeks)
80. 4.1 Around the World Mourning a Miscarriage or Stillbirth
81. The Fetal Stage (8 Weeks to Birth)
82. Prenatal Development: Environmental Influences
83. Maternal Factors
84. 4.2 The Everyday World Fetal Welfare versus Mothers’ Rights
85. Paternal Factors
86. Monitoring and Promoting Prenatal Development
87. Disparities in Prenatal Care
88. The Need for Preconception Care
89. summary and key terms
90. Chapter 5 Birth and the Newborn Baby
91. Childbirth and Culture: How Birthing Has Changed
92. Reducing the Risks of Childbirth
93. Contemporary Settings for Childbirth
94. The Birth Process
95. Stages of Childbirth
96. Electronic Fetal Monitoring
97. Vaginal versus Cesarean Delivery
98. Medicated versus Nonmedicated Delivery
99. The Newborn Baby
100. Size and Appearance
101. 5.1 Around the World Having a Baby in the Himalayas
102. Body Systems
103. Medical and Behavioral Assessment
104. States of Arousal and Activity Levels
105. Complications of Childbirth—and Their Aftermath
106. Low Birth Weight
107. 5.2 The Everyday World Comforting a Crying Baby
108. Postmaturity
109. Stillbirth
110. Can a Supportive Environment Overcome Effects of Birth Complications?
111. Newborns and Parents
112. Infant Care: A Cross-Cultural View
113. Childbirth and Bonding
114. What Do Newborns Need from Their Mothers?
115. The Father’s Role
116. How Parenthood Affects Marital Satisfaction
117. summary and key terms
118. Chapter 6 Physical Development and Health during the First Three Years
119. Early Growth and Physical Development
120. Principles of Early Growth and Physical Development
121. Growth Patterns
122. Nutrition and Feeding Methods
123. Breast or Bottle?
124. Starting Solid Foods
125. Is Being Overweight a Problem in Infancy?
126. The Brain and Reflex Behavior
127. Building the Brain
128. 6.1 The Research World The Autism “Epidemic”
129. Early Reflexes
130. Molding the Brain: The Role of Experience
131. Early Sensory Capacities
132. Touch and Pain
133. Smell and Taste
134. Hearing
135. Sight
136. Motor Development
137. Milestones of Motor Development
138. Motor Development and Perception
139. Eleanor and James Gibson’s Ecological Theory of Perception
140. How Motor Development Occurs: Thelen’s Dynamic Systems Theory
141. Cultural Influences on Motor Development
142. Health
143. Reducing Infant Mortality
144. 6.2 Around the World Sleep Customs
145. Immunization for Better Health
146. Maltreatment: Abuse and Neglect
147. Maltreatment in Infancy and Toddlerhood
148. Contributing Factors: An Ecological View
149. Helping Families in Trouble
150. Long-Term Effects of Maltreatment
151. summary and key terms
152. Chapter 7 Cognitive Development during the First Three Years
153. Studying Cognitive Development: Six Approaches
154. Behaviorist Approach: Basic Mechanics of Learning
155. Classical and Operant Conditioning
156. Infant Memory
157. Psychometric Approach: Developmental and Intelligence Testing
158. Testing Infants and Toddlers
159. Assessing the Impact of the Home Environment
160. Early Intervention
161. Piagetian Approach: The Sensorimotor Stage
162. Substages of the Sensorimotor Stage
163. Do Imitative Abilities Develop Earlier than Piaget Thought?
164. Development of Knowledge about Objects and Space
165. Evaluating Piaget’s Sensorimotor Stage
166. Information-Processing Approach: Perceptions and Representations
167. Habituation
168. Visual and Auditory Processing Abilities
169. Information Processing as a Predictor of Intelligence
170. 7.1 The Everyday World Do Infants and Toddlers Watch Too Much Television?
171. Information Processing and the Development of Piagetian Abilities
172. Evaluating Information-Processing Research on Infants
173. Cognitive Neuroscience Approach: The Brain’s Cognitive Structures
174. Social-Contextual Approach: Learning from Interactions with Caregivers
175. Language Development
176. Sequence of Early Language Development
177. Characteristics of Early Speech
178. Classic Theories of Language Acquisition: The Nature-Nurture Debate
179. 7.2 Around the World Inventing Sign Language
180. Influences on Language Development
181. Preparing for Literacy: The Benefits of Reading Aloud
182. summary and key terms
183. Chapter 8 Psychosocial Development during the First Three Years
184. Foundations of Psychosocial Development
185. Emotions
186. Temperament
187. Developmental Issues in Infancy
188. Developing Trust
189. Developing Attachments
190. Emotional Communication with Caregivers: Mutual Regulation
191. 8.1 The Everyday World How Postpartum Depression Affects Early Development
192. Developmental Issues in Toddlerhood
193. The Emerging Sense of Self
194. Developing Autonomy
195. 8.2 Around the World Are Struggles with Toddlers Necessary?
196. The Roots of Moral Development: Socialization and Internalization
197. Gender: How Different Are Baby Boys and Girls?
198. Gender Differences in Infants and Toddlers
199. How Parents Shape Gender Differences
200. Contact with Other Children
201. Siblings
202. Sociability with Nonsiblings
203. Children of Working Parents
204. Effects of Maternal Employment
205. Early Child Care
206. summary and key terms
207. Chapter 9 Physical Development and Health in Early Childhood
208. Aspects of Physiological Development
209. Bodily Growth and Change
210. Sleep Patterns and Problems
211. Sleep Disturbances and Disorders
212. Bed-Wetting
213. Brain Development
214. Motor Development
215. Gross and Fine Motor Skills
216. Handedness
217. Artistic Development
218. Health and Safety
219. Nutrition: Preventing Obesity
220. 9.1 Around the World Surviving the First Five Years of Life
221. Undernutrition
222. 9.2 The Everyday World Food Security
223. Food Allergies
224. Oral Health
225. Accidental Injuries and Deaths
226. Health in Context: Environmental Influences
227. summary and key terms
228. Chapter 10 Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
229. Piagetian Approach: The Preoperational Child
230. Advances of Preoperational Thought
231. Immature Aspects of Preoperational Thought
232. Do Young Children Have Theories of Mind?
233. 10.1 The Everyday World Imaginary Companions
234. Information-Processing Approach: Memory Development
235. Basic Processes and Capacities
236. Recognition and Recall
237. Forming and Retaining Childhood Memories
238. Intelligence: Psychometric and Vygotskian Approaches
239. Traditional Psychometric Measures
240. Influences on Measured Intelligence
241. Testing and Teaching Based on Vygotsky’s Theory
242. Language Development
243. Vocabulary
244. Grammar and Syntax
245. Pragmatics and Social Speech
246. Delayed Language Development
247. Preparation for Literacy
248. 10.2 The Research World Private Speech: Piaget versus Vygotsky
249. Media and Cognition
250. Early Childhood Education
251. Types of Preschools
252. Compensatory Preschool Programs
253. The School of the Twenty-First Century: Universal Preschool
254. The Child in Kindergarten
255. summary and key terms
256. Chapter 11 Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood
257. The Developing Self
258. The Self-Concept and Cognitive Development
259. Self-Esteem
260. Understanding and Regulating Emotions
261. Erikson: Initiative versus Guilt
262. Gender
263. Gender Differences
264. Perspectives on Gender Development
265. Play: The Business of Early Childhood
266. Cognitive Levels of Play
267. 11.1 The Research World Does Play Have an Evolutionary Basis?
268. The Social Dimension of Play
269. How Gender Influences Play
270. How Culture Influences Play
271. Parenting
272. Forms of Discipline
273. 11.2 The Everyday World The Case against Corporal Punishment
274. Parenting Styles
275. Special Behavioral Concerns
276. Prosocial Behavior
277. Aggression
278. Fearfulness
279. Relationships with Other Children
280. Sibling Relationships
281. The Only Child
282. Playmates and Friends
283. summary and key terms
284. Chapter 12 Physical Development and Health in Middle Childhood
285. Aspects of Physical Development
286. Height and Weight
287. Tooth Development and Dental Care
288. Brain Development
289. Nutrition and Sleep
290. Nutritional Needs
291. Sleep Patterns and Problems
292. Motor Development and Physical Play
293. Recess-Time Play
294. Organized Sports
295. Health and Safety
296. Overweight and Body Image
297. 12.1 The Everyday World Do Barbie Dolls Affect Girls’ Body Image?
298. Medical Conditions
299. Factors in Health and Access to Health Care
300. Accidental Injuries
301. 12.2 Around the World How Cultural Attitudes Affect Health Care
302. Mental Health
303. Common Emotional Disturbances
304. Treatment Techniques
305. summary and key terms
306. Chapter 13 Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
307. Piagetian Approach: The Concrete Operational Child
308. Cognitive Advances
309. Influences of Neurological Development and Schooling
310. Moral Reasoning
311. Information-Processing Approach: Attention, Memory, and Planning
312. How Do Executive Skills Develop?
313. Selective Attention
314. Working Memory
315. Metamemory: Understanding Memory
316. Mnemonics: Strategies for Remembering
317. Information Processing and Piagetian Tasks
318. Psychometric Approach: Assessment of Intelligence
319. The IQ Controversy
320. Influences on Intelligence
321. Is There More than One Intelligence?
322. Other Directions in Intelligence Testing
323. Language and Literacy
324. Vocabulary, Grammar, and Syntax
325. Pragmatics: Knowledge about Communication
326. Second-Language Learning
327. Literacy
328. The Child in School
329. Entering First Grade
330. Influences on School Achievement
331. 13.1 The Research World The Homework Debate
332. 13.2 The Everyday World The Math Wars
333. Educating Children with Special Needs
334. Children with Learning Problems
335. Gifted Children
336. summary and key terms
337. Chapter 14 Psychosocial Development in Middle Childhood
338. The Developing Self
339. Self-Concept Development: Representational Systems
340. Industry versus Inferiority
341. Emotional Growth and Prosocial Behavior
342. The Child in the Family
343. Family Atmosphere
344. 14.1 The Research World Pass the Milk: Family Mealtimes and Child Well-Being
345. Family Structure
346. Sibling Relationships
347. The Child in the Peer Group
348. Positive and Negative Effects of Peer Relations
349. Gender Differences in Peer-Group Relationships
350. Popularity
351. Friendship
352. Aggression and Bullying
353. Stress and Resilience
354. Stresses of Modern Life
355. Coping with Stress: The Resilient Child
356. 14.2 The Everyday World Talking with Children about Terrorism and War
357. summary and key terms
358. Chapter 15 Physical Development and Health in Adolescence
359. Adolescence: A Developmental Transition
360. Adolescence as a Social Construction
361. 15.1 Around the World The Globalization of Adolescence
362. Adolescence: A Time of Opportunities and Risks
363. Puberty: The End of Childhood
364. How Puberty Begins: Hormonal Changes
365. Timing, Signs, and Sequence of Puberty and Sexual Maturity
366. Implications of Early and Late Maturation
367. The Adolescent Brain
368. Physical and Mental Health
369. Physical Activity
370. Sleep Needs and Problems
371. Nutrition and Eating Disorders
372. Use and Abuse of Drugs
373. Depression
374. Death in Adolescence
375. Protective Factors: Health in Context
376. summary and key terms
377. Chapter 16 Cognitive Development in Adolescence
378. Aspects of Cognitive Maturation
379. Piaget’s Stage of Formal Operations
380. Elkind: Immature Characteristics of Adolescent Thought
381. Language Development
382. Changes in Information Processing in Adolescence
383. Moral Development
384. Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Reasoning
385. 16.1 The Research World Fowler’s Stages of Faith
386. Gilligan’s Theory: An Ethic of Care
387. Prosocial Behavior and Volunteer Activity
388. Educational and Vocational Issues
389. Influences on School Achievement
390. 16.2 The Everyday World Multitasking and Gen M
391. Dropping Out of High School
392. Preparing for Higher Education or Vocations
393. summary and key terms
394. Chapter 17 Psychosocial Development in Adolescence
395. The Search for Identity
396. Erikson: Identity versus Identity Confusion
397. Marcia: Identity Status—Crisis and Commitment
398. Gender Differences in Identity Formation
399. Ethnic Factors in Identity Formation
400. Sexuality
401. Sexual Orientation and Identity
402. Sexual Behavior
403. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
404. Teenage Pregnancy and Childbearing
405. 17.1 Around the World Preventing Teenage Pregnancy
406. Relationships with Family and Peers
407. Is Adolescent Rebellion a Myth?
408. Changing Time Use and Changing Relationships
409. Adolescents and Parents
410. Adolescents and Siblings
411. Peers and Friends
412. Antisocial Behavior and Juvenile Delinquency
413. 17.2 The Everyday World The Youth Violence Epidemic
414. Becoming a Delinquent: Genetic and Neurological Factors
415. Becoming a Delinquent: How Family, Peer, and Community Influences Interact
416. Long-Term Prospects
417. Preventing and Treating Delinquency
418. Emerging Adulthood
419. summary and key terms
420. Glossary
421. Bibliography
422. Credits
423. Name Index
424. Subject Index

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A Child’s World Infancy Through Adolescence 13th Edition

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A Child’s World Infancy Through Adolescence 13th pdf

A Child’s World Infancy Through Adolescence