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ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0133974022
ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0133974027
Author: Nancy R. Hooyman (Author), Kevin Y. Kawamoto (Author), H. Asuman Kiyak (Author)

Aging Matters illuminates cultural, biological, physiological, emotional, cognitive, economic, and social aspects of aging. A useful guide to a range of disciplines, this title helps readers of all educational backgrounds understand the dynamic interactions between older people and their environments.

Table of Content:

I.2 Why Study Gerontology?
I.2.1 A Life Course and Strengths Perspective
I.2.2 Multidisciplinary Perspective
I.3 Key Terms
I.3.1 How Do We Define Age?
I.4 How Do We Study Older Adults?
I.4.1 Research Methods
Summary
An Introduction to Social Gerontology
Chapter 1 The Older Population in the United States
Learning Objectives
Introduction The Older Population in the United States
1.1 Changing Demographics of the U.S. Population
1.1.1 Changes in Life Expectancy
1.1.2 Gender Differences in Life Expectancy
1.1.3 Racial Differences in Life Expectancy
1.2 Maximum Life Span
1.2.1 Population Pyramids
1.3 Support and Dependency Ratios
1.4 The Rapid Growth of the Old-Old and Oldest-Old
1.4.1 Who Are the Oldest-Old?
1.4.2 Centenarians and Super-Centenarians
The Role of Genes
Evidence for a Genetic Role in Becoming a Centenarian
Aging Well as Centenarians and Oldest-Old
The Role of the Environment
1.5 Increasing Diversity among the Older Population
1.5.1 Elders of Color
1.5.2 Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Elders
1.5.3 Geographic Distribution
1.5.4 Geographic Distribution among Elders of Color
1.5.5 Educational and Economic Status
1.6 Longevity in Health or Disease? What Does the Future Hold?
Summary
The Older Population in the United States
Chapter 2 Global Aging and Older Immigrants in the United States
Learning Objectives
Introduction Global Aging and Older Immigrants in the United States
2.1 Global Trends in Aging
2.1.1 Global Aging, Median Age, and Population Pyramids
Median Age
2.1.2 What It Means To Be Old around the World
Baby Boomers in Japan
2.2 Economic Implications for Industrialized Countries
2.3 Older Europeans in the Workforce
2.4 Older Adults in Traditional Societies and the Impact of Modernization
2.4.1 Modernization Theory
2.4.2 Modernization and Elders’ Declining Social Status
2.4.3 Impact of Modernization on Respect and Care toward Elders in Asian Cultures
2.5 Immigrants to the United States
2.5.1 Immigrant Elders’ Changing Roles and Expectations
2.5.2 Financial Dilemmas Facing Immigrant Elders
2.5.3 Immigrant Elders in Multigenerational Households
2.5.4 Additional Challenges Faced by Older Refugees
Summary
Global Aging and Older Immigrants in the United States
Chapter 3 Physical Well-Being Physiological Changes and Health
Learning Objectives
Introduction Physical Well-Being: Physiological Changes and Health
3.1 Biological Theories of Aging
3.1.1 Can Aging Be Reversed or Delayed?
3.2 “Normal” Physiological Changes with Age
3.2.1 Changes in Body Composition
3.2.2 Changes in the Skin and Hair
3.2.3 Organ Systems
Musculoskeletal and Kinesthetic Systems
Respiratory System
Cardiovascular Changes
Urinary System
Gastrointestinal System
Endocrine System
Immune System
Nervous System
3.2.4 Physiological Changes and Sexuality
Women and Age-Related Physiological Changes
Men and Age-Related Physiological Changes
3.2.5 Sleep Patterns
3.2.6 Sensory Functions
Vision
Hearing
Taste and Smell
Touch
3.3 Defining Health and Functional Ability
3.3.1 Are Disability Rates Declining?
3.3.2 Chronic and Acute Diseases
3.3.3 Health Disparities
3.3.4 Primary Causes of Death in Old Age
3.4 Common Chronic Diseases
3.4.1 Heart Disease and the Cardiovascular System
3.4.2 Strokes and Other Cerebrovascular Problems
3.4.3 Cancer
3.4.4 Arthritis
3.4.5 Osteoporosis or “Weak Bones”
3.4.6 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease or Respiratory Problems
3.4.7 Diabetes
3.4.8 Problems with the Kidneys and Urinary Tract
3.4.9 Problems with the Intestinal System
3.4.10 Oral Diseases
3.4.11 HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) or AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)
3.5 Accidents
3.5.1 Older Drivers
3.5.2 Falls and Their Prevention
3.6 Use of Physician Services
3.6.1 Hospital Utilization
3.6.2 Medication Use
3.7 Health Promotion
3.7.1 Exercise as Central to Health Promotion
3.7.2 Nutrition
3.7.3 Programs That Work
3.7.4 Improving the Impact of Health Promotion Programs
Summary
Physical Well-Being: Physiological Changes and Health
Chapter 4 Mental and Emotional Well-Being
Learning Objectives
Introduction Mental and Emotional Well-Being
4.1 Aging and Cognitive Function
4.1.1 Intelligence and Aging
4.1.2 What Else Besides Age Affects Intelligence?
4.1.3 How Aging Affects Learning and Memory
4.1.4 Executive Function in Older Adults
Factors that Affect Learning in Old Age
Strategies to Promote Older Adults’ Learning
Age-Related Changes in Memory
4.1.5 Improving Cognitive Abilities
4.1.6 Memory Mediators
External Cognitive Aids
4.1.7 Physical Exercise
Do Chemical Aids Improve Memory?
4.1.8 Wisdom and Creativity
4.2 Personality in the Later Years
4.2.1 Stage Theories of Personality
Erikson’s Psychosocial Model of Personality
4.2.2 Trait Theories of Personality
4.2.3 Emotional Expression and Regulation
4.2.4 Self-Concept and Self-Esteem
4.2.5 Successful, Robust, Resilient, or Positive Aging
4.3 Mental Disorders among Older Persons
4.3.1 Depression
Risk Factors for Depression
Diagnosing Depression
Therapeutic Interventions
4.3.2 Suicide
4.3.3 Anxiety
4.3.4 Paranoia and Schizophrenia
4.3.5 Older Adults Who Are Chronically or Severely Mentally Ill
4.3.6 Dementia
Reversible and Irreversible Causes of Dementia
4.3.7 Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)
Differentiating AD from Normal Age-Related Memory Changes
Potential Causes of and Risk Factors for Alzheimer’s Disease
The Importance of a Thorough Diagnosis
Stages of Alzheimer’s Disease
Drug Therapy
Behavioral Treatment and Environmental Interventions
Parkinson’s Disease
4.3.8 Substance Use
Alcoholism
Drug Abuse
Medication Misuse Can Threaten Elders’ Independence
Summary
Mental and Emotional Well-Being
Chapter 5 Social Theories of Aging
Learning Objectives
Introduction Social Theories of Aging
5.1 The Importance of Social Theories of Aging
5.2 Social Gerontological Theory before 1961 Role and Activity
5.2.1 Role Theory
Age Norms
Role Loss
5.2.2 Activity Theory
5.3 The Next Stage of Theory Development Disengagement and Continuity Theory
5.3.1 Disengagement Theory
5.3.2 Continuity Theory
5.4 Newer Social Theoretical Perspectives
5.4.1 Age Stratification Theory
5.4.2 Social Exchange Theory
5.4.3 Life Course Perspective
5.4.4 Political Economy Theory of Aging
5.4.5 Social Constructionism
5.5 Recent Developments in Social Gerontological Theory
5.5.1 Social Phenomenology
5.5.2 Feminist Gerontology
5.5.3 The Interconnections of Gender, Race, and Sexual Orientation
Summary
Social Theories of Aging
Chapter 6 Family, Friends, and Other Informal Supports
Learning Objectives
Introduction Family, Friends, and Other Informal Supports
6.1 We All Need Informal Social Support
6.1.1 The Benefits of Social Supports
6.1.2 Do Social Supports Change as We Age?
6.1.3 What Factors Affect Our Social Relationships?
6.2 The Centrality of Family Supports
6.2.1 Families Are Changing
6.2.2 The Growth of the Multigenerational Family
6.3 Older Partners as Social Support
6.3.1 Older Adults and Marriage
Marital Satisfaction
Divorce in Old Age
Remarriage and Other Late-Life Romantic Relationships
Dating in Old Age
6.3.2 Never-Married Older People
6.3.3 Childless Older Adults
6.4 Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Partners
6.4.1 What We Now Know about Older LGBT Families
6.4.2 Effects of Race, Class, and Cohort with Sexual Identity
LGBT Elder-Friendly Organizations
6.4.3 Barriers to Supports for LGBT Elders
6.4.4 Working with LGBT Elders
6.5 Sexuality, Intimacy, and Emotional Support
6.5.1 What We Know about Older Adults and Sexuality
6.6 Other Types of Family Supports
6.6.1 Relationships with Adult Children
6.6.2 Sibling Relationships
6.6.3 Grandparenthood and Great-Grandparenthood
6.6.4 Friends and Neighbors as Social Supports
Programs to Strengthen or Build Neighborhood and Community Supports
Intergenerational Programs
6.6.5 The Unconditional Love of Pets
Summary
Family, Friends, and Other Informal Supports
Chapter 7 Informal and Family Caregiving
Learning Objectives
Introduction Informal and Family Caregiving
7.1 What Is Informal Caregiving?
7.1.1 What Kind of Informal Care Do Some Older Adults Need?
7.1.2 Who Are Informal Caregivers?
7.1.3 Losses and Gains of Informal Care
Costs of Informal Caregiving
Benefits of Informal Caregiving
7.1.4 Adult Children as Caregivers
The Gendered Nature of Caregiving
Women in the Middle
7.1.5 Spouses/Partners as Caregivers
7.1.6 Family Caregivers of Color
7.1.7 Friends as Caregivers
7.1.8 Caregiving for Persons with Dementia
7.1.9 Grandparents as Primary Caregivers
7.1.10 Legal Issues Related to Grandparent Caregiving
7.1.11 Legislation and Policies to Support Family Caregivers
7.2 Services and Support for Caregivers
7.2.1 Why Don’t Caregivers Use Services?
7.2.2 Effective Evidence-Based Interventions
Psychoeducational Groups, Skills Training, and Treatments
Support Groups
Modifying the Home Environment
Respite Care
Camps for Caring
Electronic Supports
7.2.3 Future Service Directions
7.3 When Caregiving Becomes Too Much
7.3.1 Placement in Long-Term Care Facilities
7.3.2 Elder Mistreatment
Financial Abuse and Exploitation
Reporting and Other Legal Requirements
Adult Protective Services
7.4 Underpaid Caregivers Direct Care Workers
7.4.1 Economic and Health Disparities Faced by Direct Care Workers
7.4.2 Future Demand
Summary
Informal and Family Caregiving
Chapter 8 Productive Aging Leisure, Spirituality, and Civic Engagement
Learning Objectives
Introduction Productive Aging: Leisure, Spirituality, and Civic Engagement
8.1 Defining Productive Aging
8.2 Leisure
8.3 Religious Participation, Religiosity, and Spirituality
8.3.1 Defining Religion, Religiosity, and Spirituality
8.3.2 Religious Affiliation
Age, Gender, and Race
8.3.3 Religiosity
Benefits of Religious Participation and Religiosity for Older Adults
Other Factors to Consider Regarding Religion and Health
8.3.4 Spiritual Well-Being
Implications for Health Care Providers
Stages of Spiritual Growth
8.4 Civic Engagement
8.4.1 Civic Engagement
Toward What End?
8.4.2 Membership in Voluntary Associations
Patterns of Membership
8.4.3 Senior Centers
Are They Prepared for Changing Demographics?
8.4.4 Volunteering
Benefits of Volunteerism
Race, Social Class, and Volunteering
8.4.5 Lifelong Learning Programs
8.4.6 Political Participation
Do Older Adults Become More Politically Conservative with Age?
Voting Behavior
Are Older Adults a Powerful Political Constituency?
8.4.7 AARP—The Largest Membership Organization in the Country
Is AARP for All Older Adults?
8.4.8 Looking Toward the Future of Productive Aging
Summary
Productive Aging: Leisure, Spirituality, and Civic Engagement
Chapter 9 Loss and Grief in Old Age
Learning Objectives
Introduction Loss and Grief in Old Age
9.1 Loss and Grief within the Context of Aging
9.1.1 The Nature of Grief
9.1.2 Typical Losses Faced by Older Adults
Relocation
Retirement
Caring for a Relative with Chronic Illness or Disability
Caring for Adult Children with Chronic Illness or Disabilities
Living with Chronic Illness or Disability
9.2 Death of Loved Ones
9.2.1 Death of a Partner
9.2.2 Death of Siblings
9.2.3 Death of Friends
9.3 Approaching One’s Own Death and the Dying Process
9.3.1 The Dying Process
9.3.2 Desire for a Good Death
9.3.3 End-of-Life Care
Palliative Care and Hospice
9.3.4 Culturally Appropriate End-of-Life Care
9.3.5 The Right to Die
Hastened Death and Physician Aid-in-Dying
Patients’ Legal Options Regarding Their End-of-Life Care
Summary
Loss and Grief in Old Age
Chapter 10 Economic Well-Being Retirement, Employment, and Poverty
Learning Objectives
Introduction Economic Well-Being: Retirement, Employment, and Poverty
10.1 Retirement
10.1.1 Baby Boomers and Changing Expectations of Retirement
10.1.2 The Timing of Retirement
10.2 Employment
10.2.1 Unemployment
10.2.2 Barriers to Employment
10.3 Economic Status
10.3.1 What Are the Major Sources of Income for Older Adults?
Social Security
Assets
Pensions Other Than Social Security
Earnings
Public Assistance
10.3.2 Social Class and Poverty in Old Age
Are Older Adults Poorer Than Other Age Groups?
Limitations of Official Poverty Statistics
Poverty Variations by Race, Gender, and Sexual Orientation
10.3.3 Hunger Is Increasing among Older Americans
10.4 Changing Conceptions of Work and Retirement
Summary
Economic Well-Being: Retirement, Employment, and Poverty
Chapter 11 Community Well-Being Living Arrangements and Social Interactions
Learning Objectives
Introduction Community Well-Being: Living Arrangement and Social Interactions
11.1 The Aging Experience in Rural, Urban, and Suburban Areas
11.1.1 How and Where Elders Live Affects Their Well-Being
11.1.2 Relocation
11.2 Housing Patterns of Older People
11.2.1 Independent Housing
11.2.2 Aging in Place
Age-Friendly/Livable Communities
Flexible Housing and Universal Design
Additional Innovations for Aging in Place
11.2.3 Planned “Retirement” Housing
Continuing Care Retirement Communities
Assisted Living
Private Homes that Offer Long-Term Supports
Skilled Nursing Facilities (SNFS)
11.2.4 Culture Change in Long-Term Care
11.3 Social and Health Services to Promote Aging in Place
11.3.1 Home Care
11.3.2 Adult Day Care and Adult Day Health Care
11.4 Housing Policy and Growing Housing Needs
11.4.1 Homelessness Aging in Place on the Streets
11.4.2 Aging in Place among Older Prisoners
Summary
Community Well-Being: Living Arrangements and Social Interactions
Chapter 12 Enhancing Older Adults’ Well-Being through Technology
Learning Objectives
Introduction Enhancing Older Adults’ Well-Being through Technology
12.1 Information and Communication Technologies
12.1.1 Intergenerational Communication
12.1.2 Lifelong Learning
12.1.3 News and Information
12.2 Managing Health Online
12.2.1 Health Information on the Internet
12.2.2 Health Plans Online
12.2.3 Telehealth
12.2.4 Health Consultation Online
12.3 Technology in the Workplace
12.4 Technologies to Help Aging in Place
12.4.1 Universal Design
12.4.2 Smart Homes
Researching Smart Homes and Universal Design
12.4.3 Gerontechnology
Remote Patient Monitoring
12.4.4 Developing Technologies for Older Adults
12.5 Can Computer Games Promote Elders’ Well-Being?
12.5.1 Computer Games and Physical Exercise
Summary
Enhancing Older Adults’ Well-Being through Technology
Chapter 13 Policies to Promote Older Adults’ Well-Being
Learning Objectives
Introduction Policies to Promote Older Adults’ Well-Being
13.1 Understanding Policies, Programs, and Regulations
13.1.1 Separating Fact from Fiction about Age-Based Policies
13.1.2 Criteria by Which Policies Vary
13.1.3 Factors That Influence the Development of Public Policies
Values Affecting Social Policy
13.1.4 Intergenerational Inequity versus Interdependence
13.2 Historical, Economic, and Political Context
13.2.1 The First Policies to Benefit Older Americans, 1930s–1950s
13.2.2 Expansion of Age-Based Programs in the 1960s and 1970s
“Compassionate Stereotypes” about Older Adults
13.2.3 Cost Efficiency and Program Reductions in the 1980s and 1990s
13.2.4 Since 2000
Market and Personal Responsibility and Reduced Government Spending
13.3 Social Security An Income Security Program
13.3.1 The Goals of Social Security
13.3.2 The Cross-Generational Nature of Social Security
13.3.3 The Future of Social Security
Proposed Changes to Social Security
Proposals to Reduce Gender Inequities in Social Security
13.4 Social Services through the Older Americans Act
13.5 Medicare and Medicaid
13.5.1 Medicare
Medicare-Funded Home Health Care
Medicare Reform and Prescription Drug Coverage
The Future of Medicare
13.5.2 Medicaid
Medicaid-Funded Skilled Nursing Home Care
Medicaid-Funded Home Health Care
13.6 Directions in Long-term Services and Supports
13.6.1 Long-Term Care Insurance
13.6.2 Policies to Promote Innovative Health and Long-Term Care Services
13.6.3 Benefits of Health Care Reform for Older Adults
Summary
Policies to Promote Older Adults’ Well-Being
Chapter 14 Careers in Aging
Learning Objectives
Introduction Careers in Aging
14.1 Why Consider a Career in Aging?
14.2 The Wide Range of Jobs in Aging
14.3 Preparing for a Career in Aging
14.3.1 Academic Programs in Aging
Workforce Initiatives in Medicine, Nursing, and Social Work
Interdisciplinary Teams
14.3.2 Internships and Other Training Opportunities
Journaling as a Self-Discovery Tool
14.4 A Multidisciplinary, Multigenerational Outlook
Summary
Careers in Aging
Glossary
References
Credits
Introduction
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
Y

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