Fundamentals Of Physics 9th Edition Halliday Solutions Manual

Use Gauss law to determine the flux passing through the square surface.

From Gauss law, the net flux through any closed surface is expressed as follows:

Here,  denotes the electric field at any point on the surface and is the angle between and normal to the surface.

The following figure represents the directions of the field and normal to the surface.

From the figure, the normal makes an angle ofwith the electric field vector.

Calculate the area of the surface through which electric flux is to be calculated.

The length of the side of the square surface is 3.2 mm then the area of the square surface is equal to square of the length of the side.

Substitute 1800 N/C for E, for A, and for  in.

Therefore, the electric flux through the surface is.